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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) - Ukraine (2001)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) z Ukraine (2001)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)Ukraine (2001)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonUkraine
Administrative divisions none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order 24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k), Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv), Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka (Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka (Rivne), Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka (Sumy), Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka (Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr); note - when using a place name with an adjectival ending 's'ka' or 'z'ka,' the word Oblast' should be added to the place name

note:
oblasts have the administrative center name following in parentheses
Age structure 0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288)


65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
17.3% (male 4,310,158; female 4,127,677)

15-64 years:
68.57% (male 15,965,079; female 17,468,035)

65 years and over:
14.13% (male 2,275,004; female 4,614,521) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
Airports 2 (2007) 718 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total:
114

over 3,047 m:
14

2,438 to 3,047 m:
50

1,524 to 2,437 m:
21

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
26 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
604

over 3,047 m:
13

2,438 to 3,047 m:
37

1,524 to 2,437 m:
52

914 to 1,523 m:
45

under 914 m:
457 (2000 est.)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total:
603,700 sq km

land:
603,700 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Texas
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Richly endowed in natural resources, Ukraine has been fought over and subjugated for centuries; its 20th-century struggle for liberty is not yet complete. A short-lived independence from Russia (1917-1920) was followed by brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died, and World War II, in which German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 million more deaths. Although independence was attained in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, true freedom remains elusive as many of the former Soviet elite remain entrenched, stalling efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civic liberties.
Birth rate 13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.31 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
revenues:
$8.3 billion

expenditures:
$8.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Saint-Pierre


geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W


time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Kiev (Kyyiv)
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
Coastline 120 km 2,782 km
Constitution 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) adopted 28 June 1996
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Ukraine

local long form:
none

local short form:
Ukrayina

former:
Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency - hryvnia (UAH)
Death rate 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 16.43 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $10.3 billion (2000)
Dependency status self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador Carlos PASCUAL

embassy:
10 Yuria Kotsubynskoho, 254053 Kiev 53

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[380] (44) 490-4000

FAX:
[380] (44) 244-7350
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador Konstantin Ivanovych HRYSHCHENKO

chancery:
3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 333-0606

FAX:
[1] (202) 333-0817

consulate(s) general:
Chicago and New York
Disputes - international none has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (1998)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Ukraine depends on imports of energy, especially natural gas, to meet some 85% of its annual energy requirements. Shortly after independence in late 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output in 1992-99 fell to less than 40% the 1991 level. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Now in his second term, President KUCHMA has pledged to reduce the number of government agencies and streamline the regulation process, create a legal environment to encourage entrepreneurs and protect ownership rights, and enact a comprehensive tax overhaul. Reforms in the more politically sensitive areas of structural reform and land privatization are still lagging. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms and have threatened to withdraw financial support. GDP in 2000 showed strong export-based growth of 6% - the first growth since independence - and industrial production grew 12.9%. As the capacity for further export-based economic expansion diminishes, GDP growth in 2001 is likely to decline to around 3%.
Electricity - consumption 46.5 million kWh (2005) 146.675 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 2.3 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 2.2 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 50 million kWh (2005) 157.823 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
47.67%

hydro:
9.65%

nuclear:
42.67%

other:
0.01% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m

highest point:
Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) hryvnia per US dollar - 5.4331 (January 2001), 5.4402 (2000), 4.1304 (1999), 2.4495 (1998), 1.8617 (1997), 1.8295 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006)


head of government: President of the Territorial Council Stephane ARTANO (since 21 February 2007)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state:
President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994)

head of government:
Prime Minister Anatoliy KINAKH (since 29 May 2001), First Deputy Prime Minister Oleh DUBYNA (since 29 May 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council

note:
there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council, but significantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration that helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president; and a Council of Regions that serves as an advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994 that includes chairmen of the Kyyiv (Kiev) and Sevastopol' municipalities and chairmen of the oblasti

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 31 October and 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council

election results:
Leonid D. KUCHMA elected president; percent of vote - Leonid KUCHMA 57.7%, Petro SYMONENKO 38.8%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $14.6 billion (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products
Exports - partners Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006) Russia 24%, Europe 30%, US 5% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky
GDP - purchasing power parity - $189.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
12%

industry:
26%

services:
62% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $3,850 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 49 00 N, 32 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe
Highways - total:
273,700 km

paved:
236,400 km (including 1,770 km of expressways); note - (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
37,300 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
26.4% (1996)
Illicit drugs - limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey, and to Europe and Russia; drug-related money laundering a minor, but growing, problem
Imports 541.6 bbl/day (2004) $15 billion (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals
Imports - partners France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006) Russia 42%, Europe 29%, US 3% (2000 est.)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 12.9% (2000 est.)
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing (especially sugar)
Infant mortality rate total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
21.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.1% (2005) 25.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation UPU, WFTU BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer), ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 32 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 26,050 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
Labor force 3,450 (2005) 22.8 million (yearend 1997)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 18%


industry: 41%


services: 41% (1996 est.)
industry 32%, agriculture 24%, services 44% (1996)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
4,558 km

border countries:
Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
Land use arable land: 12.5%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.5% (2005)
arable land:
58%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
13%

forests and woodland:
18%

other:
9% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official) Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; under Ukraine's new election law, half of the Supreme Council's seats are allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 4% or more of the national electoral vote; the other 225 members are elected by popular vote in single-mandate constituencies; all serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party (for parties clearing 4% hurdle on 29 March 1998) - Communist Party 24.7%, Rukh (combined) 9.4%, SPU/SelPU 8.6%, PZU 5.3%, People's Democratic Party 5.0%, Hromada Party 4.7%, Progressive Socialist Party 4.0%, United Social Democratic Party 4.0%; seats by party (as of 25 February 2000) - Communist Party 115, PRVU 36, Fatherland Party 35, United Social Democratic Party 34, People's Democratic Party 27, Trudova Ukrayina Party 27, Rukh K 27, left-center 23, PZU 18, Rukh U 17, SelPU 15, Hromada Party 14, Reforms-Congress 12, independents 14, unaffiliated 31, vacant 5
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.76 years


male: 76.41 years


female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
total population:
66.15 years

male:
60.62 years

female:
71.96 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
100%

female:
97% (1989 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia
Map references North America Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf:
200-m or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
156 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 757,582 GRT/841,755 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 8, cargo 110, container 3, liquefied gas 2, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 14, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Internal Troops, Border Troops
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $500 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
12,285,623 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
9,630,184 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
390,823 (2001 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun:
Ukrainian(s)

adjective:
Ukrainian
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard NA
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
Net migration rate -4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 4,000 km (1995); petroleum products 4,500 km (1995); natural gas 34,400 km (1998)
Political parties and leaders Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF Communist Party of Ukraine [Petro SYMONENKO]; Fatherland (Motherland) All Ukrainian Party [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, chairperson]; Green Party of Ukraine or PZU [Vitaliy KONONOV, chairman]; Hromada [Pavlo LAZARENKO]; Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine or PRVU [Volodymyr RYBAK]; Peasant Party of Ukraine or SelPU [Serhiy DOVHAN]; People's Democratic Party [Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO, chairman]; People's Movement of Ukraine or Rukh U [Hennadiy UDOVENKO, chairman]; Progressive Socialist Party [Nataliya VITRENKO]; Reforms and Order Party/Reforms-Congress [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; Solidarity [leader NA]; Trudova Ukrayina/Working Ukraine [Igor SHAROV, chairman]; Ukrainian Popular Movement or Rukh K [Yuriy KOSTENKO, chairman]; United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]

note:
and numerous smaller parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 7,036 (July 2007 est.) 48,760,474 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 50% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 0.128% (2007 est.) -0.78% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni, Sevastopol'
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 134, FM 289, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 45.05 million (1997)
Railways - total:
23,350 km

broad gauge:
23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)
Religions Roman Catholic 99%, other 1% Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female


total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.49 male(s)/female

total population:
0.86 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
general assessment:
Ukraine's telecommunication development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile cellular system

domestic:
at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is now rising slowly and the domestic trunk system is being improved; the mobile cellular telephone system is expanding at a high rate

international:
two new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and three Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project which connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems
Telephones - main lines in use 4,800 (2002) 9.45 million (April 1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 236,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) at least 33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from Russia) (1997)
Terrain mostly barren rock most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
Total fertility rate 2 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.3% (1999) 4.3% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers (December 1999)
Waterways - 4,499 km

note:
(1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dnistr) (1990)
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